In order to carefully analyse each exercise, we should
learn a bit of trunk and limbs movements. The aim of this article is to teach
how to distinguish joints and movements of these joints. Exercises analysis
will help us in understanding these issues.
Types of joints:
We distinguish three types of joints:
Synarthrosis
- permanent bone joint, permitting little or no mobility. (e.g skull sutures)
Amphiarthrosis - permits slight mobility. Most amphiarthrosis joints are cartilaginous joints (e.g.,intervertebral discs).
Diarthrosis
(synovial joints)– freely movable
All joints mentioned below ale synovial joints because
these are the most important as far as mobility is concerned. Synovial joints consist of: articular capsule,
articular cartilage that lines the epiphyses of joint end of bone with a
smooth, slippery surface. We can find synovial joints in hands, feet, knees,
elbows and shoulders.
Undertaking any physical activity like jogging,
swimming, or everyday activities like rising a cup of tea, induces neural
stimulation which leads to movements in particular joints.
Joint movements are characterised by certain amount of
regularity. The most common movements are made in the same anatomical planes.
Rotational movements in knees, shoulders , or hips are produced in the saggital
plane.
While talking about exercises, it is not enough to
name the movement and the body part, one should also precisely define the joint
in which the movement occurs. For example, if one says “extension of the leg”
we do not know if they talk about the knee, ankle or hip. Movements always have
pairs. Every movement should have its return movement. Typical movements pairs
are: extension and flexion, abduction and adduction, internal rotation and
external rotation.
What is also extremely important: movements names
refer to person remaining in the standard anatomical position. Thus the elbow
flexion means always the same, regardless of your position.
Main joint movements
Special Movements
Joint movements
Photos come from www.foter.com
MA Rafał Bytomski
MA Anna
Spalik-Bytomska